Carbon sequestration is an evolving area in geoscience with the potential for scientific breakthroughs, and one that will become increasingly important as the concentration of atmospheric CO2 rises. This Special Issue of Geoscience aims to advance the science of Carbon Sequestration towards enabling society to make informed decisions on the technical, environmental, economic, and social merits of carbon sequestration strategies. We invite contributions that discuss fundamental processes and emerging strategies, field, laboratory, and modelling studies. Guest editors: Ian Power (Trent University) and Anna Harrison (University College London).